> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://prosbcdocs.telcobridges.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://prosbcdocs.telcobridges.com/telecom-references/isdn-and-cas/casr1-scripting.md). # CASr1 scripting ### Introduction This page explains how CASr1 script are implemented. You can read, modify, or create CASR1 scripts to adapt to different variants, or implement new variants. Toolpack uses the LUA programming language to implement CAS scripts. The CAS scripts are interpreted by the TMG unit in order to handle calls. A portion of the CAS state machine is implemented outside the script, in the CAS stack that runs on the TMG unit, although the script still offers a great level of flexibility to implement various CAS variants. #### CASR1 vs CASR2 scripts CASR1 variants and CASR2 variants both use LUA scripts stored in the same place in the Toolpack configuration Web Portal. However, CASR1 and CASR2 scripts are quite different. They use different constants and function, and will have different "callback" functions called by the CAS stack on the TMG. The general architecture (state machine) of the scripts is also different. In a few words: CASR1 scripts need to: * Handle incoming CAS bits changes * Decide when to change sent CAS bits * Decide when to detect/send ANI/DNIS tones * Implement a state machine that follows the different call states, and report these states to the CAS stack CASR2 scripts need to: * Define forward and backward digits to use * Map digits to various meanings * Handle received digits and how to handle then The current page explains CASR1 scripts. For more information about CASR2 scripts, please refer to the following page: [Web\_Portal\_Tutorial\_Guide\_v2.6](https://github.com/telcobridges-main/tmedia-wiki/tree/main/tmedia/configuration/tmedia-tsig-and-tdev-web-portal-2-7-tutorial-guide/README.md#casr2) #### Set the script type to CASR1 A CAS script be identified as a CASR1 script when the following variable is set: ``` SCRIPT_TYPE="CASR1" ``` If this variable is missing, the script will be interpreted as "CASR2". #### Provided scripts Toolpack already supports multiple CAS variants through scripts that are installed in any new Toolpack installation: * CASR1 variants: * \[\[CAS#Supported\_CAS\_R1\_variants|Supported CASR1 variants]] * CASR2 variants: * \[\[CAS#Supported\_CAS\_R2\_variants|Supported CASR2 variants]] ### Overview #### Per-timeslot context The CASR1 scripts works on a "per timeslot" basis. It's informed of each timeslot that is under it's control through callback function *HandleNewTimeslot*. A context is provided with each timeslot, so the script can store "per-timeslot" variables in order to implement the state machine. #### Per-timeslot events Once a timeslot has been created in the script, the CAS stack will inform the script of any event on that timeslot (CAS bits changes and others). To each received event, the script will take one ore more action. #### Per-timeslot actions The CAS script can perform various actions on a timeslot, while it handles timeslot events. For example, it can * change CAS bits (or send "wink") * report call state to the CAS stack (seizure, call alerting, call answered, call terminating, timeslot remotely blocked, etc.). * ask for ANI/DNIS detection * ask for transmission of ANI/DNIS * Start a timer * And more... #### Per-timeslot state machine It's up to the script implementation to define it's own states for handling the calls. The script is thus very flexible in the way it implements the CASR1 variant call flow. The current document does not describe how CASR1 call flows are implemented (what are CAS bits, when and why to they "change", how calling/called numbers are exchanged, what is the call flow etc.) The reader shall find that information in the specifications for CASR1 variants. The current document provides general information on available timeslot events and actions that allow to actually implement CASR1 variants. ### Script entry points There are 2 functions that the script must provide, and that will be called by the stack when appropriate: * \[\[#handle\_new\_timeslot|HandleNewTimeslot( in\_TimeslotCtx, in\_InitialCasBits )]] * \[\[#handle\_event|HandleEvent( in\_TimeslotCtx, in\_EventType, ... )]] (see documentation blow for detailed information) ### Configurable global script constants The script can define some constants required by the stack (though default values are provided if the script does not define these constants). #### SCRIPT\_TYPE Defines the type of this sript. This constant is mandatory for CASR1 scripts. ``` SCRIPT_TYPE = "CASR1" ``` #### ABCD\_PATTERN\_MATCH\_MASK Mask to apply to CAS bits detected from remote equipment (for bits 0xABCD). A bit which mask is set to 0 will be ignored and always reported as zero (0) to this script. This is useful in some cases when unused bits have undefined (and even sometimes toggeling!) values. Default: 0x1111 ``` ABCD_PATTERN_MATCH_MASK = 0x1111 ``` #### TONE\_USE\_DTMF Indicates the type of tones must be used to send/receive AND/DNIS. Value of 1 stands for DTMF. Value of 0 defaults to MFR1. Default: 1 (use DTMF) ``` TONE_USE_DTMF = 1 ``` #### TONE\_ON\_TIME Defines the "on time" (in ms) of tones used when sending ANI/DNIS. Default: 60ms ``` TONE_ON_TIME = 60 ``` #### TONE\_OFF\_TIME Defines the "off time" (inter-digit delay)(in ms) of tones used when sending ANI/DNIS. Default: 40ms ``` TONE_OFF_TIME = 50 ``` #### TONE\_LEVEL Defines the audio power level (in DB) of tones used when sending ANI/DNIS, or dial tone. Default: -10db ``` TONE_LEVEL = -10 ``` #### TONE\_VP\_GROUP Defines the type of tone detector/generator that will be used for CASR1 calls: * Group 0: Use DSP resources (for TMG that have DSP resources) * Group 1: Use VOIP resources (for TMG that have VOIP resources) It may be required to change this value if using CASR1 scripts on TMG units that don't have either DSP or VOIP resources. Default: 1 (VOIP resources) ``` TONE_VP_GROUP = 1 ``` #### TX\_DIAL\_TONE Defines if (and which) dial tone must be played on a backward (incoming) call. Empty string (or missing variable) results in no dial tone being played. Default: No dial tone ``` TX_DIAL_TONE = "(350,440)" -- This is default US dial tone ``` #### USE\_FORCED\_RELEASE Defines if "forced release" option must be used to terminate non-answered backward (incoming) calls. In most CASR1 variants, the CAS bits for a backward (incoming) calls remain "on-hook" until the call is answered (except for short "wink" periods). Because of that, it's not possible to indicate remote equipment that we want to terminate this incoming call, since bits are already "on hook". The solution to that is to quickly set the CAS bits to "off-hook" then "on-hook", to indicate to remote side that we want to terminate the call. This option should be used with care, because it may cause remote equipment to think the call has been answered for about 200ms. This could cause billing or statistics (ASR) calculation problems on the remote equipment if it does not expect that. Default: 0 (Don't use forced release) ``` TX_DIAL_TONE = "(350,440)" -- This is default US dial tone ``` ### Tones mapping to ASCII characters #### DTMF mapping DTMF tones are represented, in the script, as ASCII characters. (these are used to define ANI/DNIS prefix/suffix, or to explicitly provide the ANI/DNIS for a call). Please refer to the following table to know which ASCII character is used to represent each existing DTMF tone: ``` '0' -> DTMF Digit 0: 941Hz + 1336Hz '1' -> DTMF Digit 1: 697Hz + 1209Hz '2' -> DTMF Digit 2: 697Hz + 1336Hz '3' -> DTMF Digit 3: 697Hz + 1477Hz '4' -> DTMF Digit 4: 770Hz + 1209Hz '5' -> DTMF Digit 5: 770Hz + 1336Hz '6' -> DTMF Digit 6: 770Hz + 1477Hz '7' -> DTMF Digit 7: 852Hz + 1209Hz '8' -> DTMF Digit 8: 852Hz + 1336Hz '9' -> DTMF Digit 9: 852Hz + 1477Hz '*' -> DTMF Digit Star (*): 941Hz + 1209Hz '#' -> DTMF Digit Pound (#): 941Hz + 1477Hz 'A' -> DTMF Digit A: 697Hz + 1633Hz 'B' -> DTMF Digit B: 770Hz + 1633Hz 'C' -> DTMF Digit C: 852Hz + 1633Hz 'D' -> DTMF Digit D: 941Hz + 1633Hz Alternative values for * and #: 'E' -> DTMF Digit Star (*): 941Hz + 1209Hz 'F' -> DTMF Digit Pound (#): 941Hz + 1477Hz ``` #### MFR1 mapping MFR1 tones are represented, in the script, as ASCII characters. (these are used to define ANI/DNIS prefix/suffix, or to explicitly provide the ANI/DNIS for a call). Please refer to the following table to know which ASCII character is used to represent each existing MFR1 tone: ``` '0' -> MFR1 Digit 0: 1300Hz + 1500Hz '1' -> MFR1 Digit 1: 700Hz + 900Hz '2' -> MFR1 Digit 2: 700Hz + 1100Hz '3' -> MFR1 Digit 3: 900Hz + 1100Hz '4' -> MFR1 Digit 4: 700Hz + 1300Hz '5' -> MFR1 Digit 5: 900Hz + 1300Hz '6' -> MFR1 Digit 6: 1100Hz + 1300Hz '7' -> MFR1 Digit 7: 700Hz + 1500Hz '8' -> MFR1 Digit 8: 900Hz + 1500Hz '9' -> MFR1 Digit 9: 1100Hz + 1500Hz '*' -> MFR1 KP (Start of pulsing): 1100Hz + 1700Hz '#' -> MFR1 ST (End of pulsing): 1500Hz + 1700Hz 'A' -> MFR1 STI: 900Hz + 1700Hz 'B' -> MFR1 STII: 1300Hz + 1700Hz 'C' -> MFR1 STIII: 700Hz + 1700Hz 'D' -> Not supported in MFR1 Alternative characters: 'E' -> MFR1 KP (Start of pulsing): 1100Hz + 1700Hz 'F' -> MFR1 ST (End of pulsing): 1500Hz + 1700Hz ``` ### Static constants pushed by the stack, for usage in this script #### Actions Available actions for \[\[#stack\_action|StackAction]] function: Commonly used actions: ``` ACTION_END_SIGNALING ACTION_SET_CAS_BITS ACTION_SEND_WINK ACTION_WAIT_WINK ACTION_SEND_ANI ACTION_SEND_DNIS ACTION_WAIT_ANI ACTION_WAIT_DNIS ACTION_REPORT_SEIZURE ACTION_REPORT_VALIDATE_CALL ACTION_REPORT_ACCEPTED ACTION_REPORT_ALERTED ACTION_REPORT_ANSWERED ACTION_REPORT_BLOCKED ACTION_REPORT_UNBLOCKED ACTION_START_TIMER ACTION_CANCEL_TIMER ``` Additional actions to implement special variants ``` ACTION_SEND_TONE ACTION_SET_ANI ACTION_SET_DNIS ``` #### Events Events received by this script on \[\[#handle\_event|HandleEvent]] function: Commonly used events: ``` EVENT_CAS_BITS_CHANGED EVENT_WINK_DETECTED EVENT_WINK_COMPLETED EVENT_ANI_RECEIVED EVENT_DNIS_RECEIVED EVENT_ANI_SENT EVENT_DNIS_SENT EVENT_APP_FWD_MAKE_CALL EVENT_APP_BWD_MUST_ALERT EVENT_APP_BWD_MUST_ANSWER EVENT_APP_END_SIGNALING EVENT_APP_BLOCK_TIMESLOT EVENT_APP_UNBLOCK_TIMESLOT EVENT_TIMEOUT ``` Additional events to implement special variants ``` EVENT_TONE_RECEIVED EVENT_TONE_SENT ``` #### Result codes Result codes that \[\[#handle\_new\_timeslot|HandleNewTimeslot]] or \[\[#handle\_event|HandleEvent]] functions must return: ``` RESULT_OK RESULT_FAIL RESULT_MISMATCH RESULT_OUT_OF_RESOURCE RESULT_INVALID_PARAM RESULT_INVALID_STATE RESULT_NOT_SUPPORTED RESULT_TRUNK_RES_NOT_IDLE RESULT_BLOCKED_LOCALLY RESULT_BLOCKED_REMOTELY ``` #### Call release causes Call release causes to use with \[\[#ACTION\_END\_SIGNALING|ACTION\_END\_SIGNALING]] ``` CAUSE_FWD_SEIZURE_COLLISION CAUSE_FWD_SEIZURE_ACK_TIMEOUT CAUSE_FWD_TONE_TIMEOUT CAUSE_FWD_ANSWER_TIMEOUT CAUSE_FWD_CALL_REFUSED CAUSE_FWD_REJECT_CALL CAUSE_FWD_HANG_UP CAUSE_BWD_TONE_TIMEOUT CAUSE_BWD_REJECT_CALL CAUSE_BWD_CALL_REFUSED CAUSE_BWD_ALERT_TIMEOUT CAUSE_BWD_ANSWER_TIMEOUT CAUSE_BWD_HANG_UP ``` #### Trace levels Trace levels (used with function \[\[#stack\_log\_trace|StackLogTrace]]). * Least verbose is TRACE\_LEVEL\_0 (almost never printed). * Most verbose is TRACE\_LEVEL\_4 (generally printed). ``` TRACE_LEVEL_0 TRACE_LEVEL_1 TRACE_LEVEL_2 TRACE_LEVEL_3 TRACE_LEVEL_4 TRACE_LEVEL_ALWAYS TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR ``` ### Mandatory functions to implement in this script The script must provide the following mandatory functions, that will be called by the CAS stack at appropriate moments. #### HandleNewTimeslot( in\_TimeslotCtx, in\_InitialCasBits ) ``` This function is called to prepare a new timeslot so it's ready to be used to receive events and eventually handle a CASR1 call. ``` When this function is called, the timeslot must be initially be considered "locally blocked (and CAS bits must be set to "off-hook" state). The stack will later send EVENT\_APP\_UNBLOCK\_TIMESLOT when it's time to go "on-hook" and be ready to make calls. **in\_TimeslotCtx** Context containing variables for this timeslot. This context is a LUA table. This table already contains two values: * \["TrunkNumber"] * \["TimeslotNumber"] The script can store it's own LUA variables here (like the "call state"), which will be accessible for any event on this timeslot. **in\_InitialCasBits** The initial states of CAS bits received from remote equipment (integer like 0x1111) #### HandleEvent( in\_TimeslotCtx, in\_EventType, ... ) This function reports that an event occurred on a timeslot. **in\_TimeslotCtx** Timeslot context used by the script to store any timeslot-related information, like the "call state". This is the table that was passed to HandleNewTimeslot. **in\_EventType** The type of the event that was just received See below for list of events that can be received: \[\[#CASR1\_script\_events|CASR1 script events]] **...** Variable number of parameters, that depend on event type. To access these parameters, the LUA syntax is as follows: ``` -- Create an array with the variable number of arguments: local args = {...} -- Accessing the first argument local first_argument_value = args[1] ``` **Return value** This function must return RESULT\_OK, or one of the return codes defined above. This result code tells to the stack if the event was properly handled by the script. Upon non-OK code, the stack may decide to terminate the call, assuming the script is incomplete and did not expect the event. Please note that RESULT\_OK is normally returned even in case of events that make the call fail or be dropped. The purpose of this result code is not to indicate if the event cause a call to be dropped, but rather to indicate that the script really does not know what to do with the received event. ### CASR1 script events The CASR1 script will receive (and must handle) the following events (received in function \[\[#handle\_event|HandleEvent]] #### EVENT\_CAS\_BITS\_CHANGED Indicates that new CAS bits have been received from remote equipment. Parameters: 1. Received CAS bits (integer like 0x1111)\ Indicates that CAS bits values received by remote equipment have changed. #### EVENT\_WINK\_DETECTED Indicates that a "Wink" has been detected. This event can only follow \[\[#ACTION\_WAIT\_WINK|ACTION\_WAIT\_WINK]]. No specific parameter. #### EVENT\_WINK\_COMPLETED Indicates that a "Wink" has been sent successfully. This event can only follow \[\[#ACTION\_SEND\_WINK|ACTION\_SEND\_WINK]]. No specific parameter. #### EVENT\_TONE\_RECEIVED Indicates that a tone was detected. Not normally used in CASR1 standard variants, because most variants can rely on \[\[#ACTION\_WAIT\_ANI|ACTION\_WAIT\_ANI]] or \[\[#ACTION\_WAIT\_DNIS|ACTION\_WAIT\_DNIS]] to collect calling/called numbers in one single action. And thus this event will not report tones that are collected by the CAS stack as part of \[\[#ACTION\_WAIT\_ANI|ACTION\_WAIT\_ANI]] or \[\[#ACTION\_WAIT\_DNIS|ACTION\_WAIT\_DNIS]]. Parameters: 1. A one-character string that represents the received tone (digit).\ See \[\[#tones\_format|Tones mapping to ASCII characters]] for details about which ASCII character represents which tone. #### EVENT\_ANI\_RECEIVED Indicates that ANI (calling number) has been sent received (prefix/suffix detected). This event can only follow \[\[#ACTION\_WAIT\_ANI|ACTION\_WAIT\_ANI]]. Note: The received ANI/DNIS digits are not passed to the script as \[\[#EVENT\_TONE\_RECEIVED|EVENT\_TONE\_RECEIVED]]. Instead, the stack stores them as the 'calling number' which will be reported to the application upon \[\[#ACTION\_REPORT\_VALIDATE\_CALL|ACTION\_REPORT\_VALIDATE\_CALL]] No specific parameter. #### EVENT\_DNIS\_RECEIVED Same as \[\[#EVENT\_ANI\_RECEIVED|EVENT\_ANI\_RECEIVED]], but for DNIS (called number) #### EVENT\_TONE\_SENT Indicates that a tone (digit) as been sent successfully following \[\[#ACTION\_SEND\_TONE|ACTION\_SEND\_TONE]]. Not normally used in CASR1 standard variants. No specific parameter. #### EVENT\_ANI\_SENT Indicates that ANI (calling number) has been sent successfully (all tones played). This event can only follow \[\[#ACTION\_SEND\_ANI|ACTION\_SEND\_ANI]]. No specific parameter. #### EVENT\_DNIS\_SENT Same as \[\[#EVENT\_ANI\_SENT|EVENT\_ANI\_SENT]], but for DNIS (called number) #### EVENT\_APP\_FWD\_MAKE\_CALL Indicate that a new "forward" call must be made. The script shall take appropriate actions to initiate a new call (most likely change the CAS bits to the "off hook" state). No specific parameter. #### EVENT\_APP\_BWD\_MUST\_ALERT Indicates that this "backward" call must now be set to "alerted" state (meaning we have accepted the call, and received required information to proceed). The decision of when to alert the call is made by the application, and at that moment the script receives this event so it can take appropriate actions to alert a "backward" call. (in most variants, there is nothing to do, on some variants, a "Wink" may be sent). No specific parameter. #### EVENT\_APP\_BWD\_MUST\_ANSWER Indicates that this "backward" call must now be set to "answered" state. The decision of when set the call "answered" is made by the application, and at that moment the script receives this event so it can take appropriate actions to answer. (in most variants, CAS bits must be set to "off hook" pattern). No specific parameter. #### EVENT\_APP\_END\_SIGNALING Indicates either that: * Application requests to terminate the call. The script then take appropriate action, like sending CAS bits to "idle" state, wait for remote equipment to acknowledge, then at the end use \[\[#ACTION\_END\_SIGNALING|ACTION\_END\_SIGNALING]] to confirm that termination is completed. * Script had already previously called \[\[#ACTION\_END\_SIGNALING|ACTION\_END\_SIGNALING]], (after remote equipment set CAS bits to "idle" or after an error in the script), in which case this event confirms that the application is also ready to terminate the call. The script generally returns to "idle" state after that event. No specific parameter. #### EVENT\_APP\_BLOCK\_TIMESLOT Indicates that the timeslot must be locally blocked, the next time it becomes "idle". On most variants where this is supported, a timeslot is "blocked" by going "off-hook", but not sending ANI/DNIS and remaining in that state no matter remote state. This is also the default state for a newly created timeslot. When this event is received on a non-idle timeslot (in a call, or establishing a call), it does not drop the call. Timeslot will be blocked only once the timeslot is back to "idle". This state can only be canceled by \[\[#EVENT\_APP\_UNBLOCK\_TIMESLOT|EVENT\_APP\_UNBLOCK\_TIMESLOT]] No specific parameter. #### EVENT\_APP\_UNBLOCK\_TIMESLOT Cancels a previous \[\[#EVENT\_APP\_BLOCK\_TIMESLOT|EVENT\_APP\_BLOCK\_TIMESLOT]], which (in most variants) requires to set our CAS bits to "on hook" (unless still in a call). No specific parameter. #### EVENT\_TIMEOUT Indicates that the timer previously started with \[\[#ACTION\_START\_TIMER|ACTION\_START\_TIMER]] has expired. It's up to the script to determine the meaning of the timeout and take appropriate action. No specific parameter. ### Stack functions that can be called by this script The CAS stack provides a few functions that the script can call. #### StackActionToString( in\_Action ) Returns string value of an action type, generally used for printing debug traces. In the following example the StackAction function is remapped so that the script will print the action name in a trace every time that "StackAction" is called. ``` ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Wraps StackAction function calls with debug comments ----------------------------------------------------------------------- CasR1.StackAction = StackAction function StackAction(name, ...) StackLogTrace(TRACE_LEVEL_2, "Calling StackAction '%s'", StackActionToString(name) ) CasR1.StackAction(name, ...) end ``` #### StackEventToString( in\_Event ) Returns string value of an event type, generally used for printing debug traces. Example: ``` function HandleEvent( in_TimeslotCtx, in_EventType, ... ) StackLogTrace ( TRACE_LEVEL_3, "Event %s received", StackEventToString( in_EventType ) ) ``` #### StackCauseToString( in\_Cause ) Returns string value of a call release cause, generally used for printing debug traces. #### StackLogTrace( in\_TraceLevel, in\_Format, ... ) Will print a trace (generally debug traces). Date/time, trunk number and timeslot number are automatically printed with this trace. These traces will be seen in the Toolpack [tblogtrace](https://github.com/telcobridges-main/tmedia-wiki/tree/main/tmedia/operations/tblogtrace/README.md) application (and it's corresponding log file on the server's hard drive). Parameters: * in\_TraceLevel: Level of the trace (see \[\[#Trace\_levels|TRACE\_LEVEL]] ) * in\_Format: String that contains the trace to print, plus references to other arguments ("printf" style format) * ...: Values for printf-style refernces of in\_Format. Example: ``` local cas_bits = 0x1100 StackLogTrace( TRACE_LEVEL_2, "Send CAS bits %08X", cas_bits ) ``` #### StackAction( in\_Action, ... ) This function executes the specified action (in some cases with the specified action-specific arguments). The action is done asynchronously, meaning that control will immediately return to the script. Events will be received later according to the actions taken. Upon an event, the script may perform multiple actions (like starting a timer, declaring the call "alerted" and sending CAS bits for example) Parameters : * in\_Action: The action to perform. (see \[\[#Stack\_actions|Stack Actions]] for list of available actions) * ...: Variable number of action-specific arguments.. (see \[\[#Stack\_actions|Stack Actions]] for description of each arguments specific to each action) ### Stack actions #### ACTION\_END\_SIGNALING Indicates either that: * Application previously requested to terminate the call (with EVENT\_APP\_END\_SIGNALING), in which case this action is used by the script to indicate that signaling is fully idle (local CAS bits set to "idle", remote equipment has acknowledged too with "idle" CAS bits). * Script wants to terminate the call (after remote equipment set CAS bits to "idle" or after an error in the script). After sending ACTION\_END\_SIGNALING, the script must wait until EVENT\_APP\_END\_SIGNALING is received, which confirms that application is ready to terminate the call. Only at that moment the script shall set it's CAS bits to "idle" value. Parameter: 1. The call release cause to report. (See \[\[#Call\_release\_causes|Call release causes]) #### ACTION\_SET\_CAS\_BITS Changes the CAS bits that we're sending to the remote equipment. Parameter: 1. CAS bits to set (integer like 0x1111) #### ACTION\_SEND\_WINK Used to send a "Wink", which is temporary change of the CAS bits for few milliseconds, then back to initial CAS bits value. \[\[#EVENT\_WINK\_COMPLETED|EVENT\_WINK\_COMPLETED]] will be received by the script once Wink has completed (CAS bits are back to their initial value). Parameters: 1. CAS bits to set during the "Wink" (integer like 0x1111) 2. Duration of the "Wink" (in milliseconds) #### ACTION\_WAIT\_WINK Used to request a "Wink" detection. Upon next CAS bits change from remote equipment, the stack will see if the bits match the Wink expected bits. \[\[#EVENT\_WINK\_DETECTED|EVENT\_WINK\_DETECTED]] will be reported if CAS bits received from remote equipment change to the expected pattern for a duration within specified range, then go back to original value. While waiting for a wink, any other CAS bits change not detected as a "Wink" will be reported to the script by \[\[#EVENT\_CAS\_BITS\_CHANGED|EVENT\_CAS\_BITS\_CHANGED]] Parameters: 1. Expected CAS bits during the "Wink" (integer like 0x1111) 2. Minimum duration of the "Wink" (in ms) 3. Maximum duration of the "Wink" (in ms) #### ACTION\_SEND\_TONE Used to send one digit (tone) toward remote equipment. \[\[#EVENT\_TONE\_SENT|EVENT\_TONE\_SENT]] will be received once the tone has been successfully sent. Not normally used in CASR1 standard variants. Note: This action is not used to send ANI/DNIS (calling/called numbers), it's used to send other tones that may be used within the current CASR1 variant call flow. Parameter: 1. Digit (tone) to send. See \[\[#tones\_format|Tones mapping to ASCII characters]] for details about which ASCII character represents which tone. #### ACTION\_SEND\_ANI Used to send ANI (calling number) toward remote equipment. A prefix may be inserted before ANI, and a suffix maybe appended after the ANI. \[\[#EVENT\_ANI\_SENT|EVENT\_ANI\_SENT]] will be received once transmission of prefix + ANI + suffix is completed. Parameters: 1. Prefix to send before ANI. Can be empty.\ See \[\[#tones\_format|Tones mapping to ASCII characters]] for details about which ASCII character represents which tone. 2. Suffix to send after ANI. Can be empty.\ See \[\[#tones\_format|Tones mapping to ASCII characters]] for details about which ASCII character represents which tone. #### ACTION\_SEND\_DNIS Same as \[\[#ACTION\_SEND\_ANI|ACTION\_SEND\_ANI]], but for sending DNIS (called number) #### ACTION\_WAIT\_ANI Used to wait for ANI (calling number) from remote equipment, by detecting tones. Detection methods for ANI: 1. '''Prefix/suffix''' separators indicate the start and/or end of the transmission of ANI.\ If prefix is detected, it's removed from the ANI. If not detected, it does not matter.\ If suffix is detected, it's removed from the ANI, and ANI is immediately reported as complete.\ If suffix is not detected, then another ANI detection method may still trigger end of ANI (inter-digit timeout, or fixed number of digits) 2. '''Fixed expected number of digits'''\ With that method, ANI or DNIS is considered complete when the specified number of digits have been received. 3. '''Inter-digit timeout'''\ With that method, as soon as there is more than this delay after receiving a digit, the ANI or DNIS is considered complete. More than one of the methods above can be used. If none of these options are used, the script will consider that ANI is not used (won't be received, must not be sent). Once ANI has been considered complete by one of the 3 methods above, then \[\[#EVENT\_ANI\_RECEIVED|EVENT\_ANI\_RECEIVED]] is reported to the script. Parameters: 1. Prefix to expect before ANI. Can be empty. See explanation above. 2. Suffix to expect after ANI. Can be empty. See explanation above. 3. Number of expected digits. Set to 0 to ignore. See explanation above. 4. Inter-digit timeout. Set to 0 to ignore. See explanation above. #### ACTION\_WAIT\_DNIS Same as \[\[#ACTION\_WAIT\_ANI|ACTION\_WAIT\_ANI]], but for receiving DNIS (called number). #### ACTION\_SET\_ANI Used by a script that wants to provide the ANI (rather than using \[\[#ACTION\_WAIT\_ANI|ACTION\_WAIT\_ANI]] to receive it). This function is not normally used. But it can be useful in some cases: * For incoming (backward) calls: * Script wants to provide a ANI on a network where no ANI is sent by the remote equipment. * Script wants to override the ANI detected (\[\[#ACTION\_WAIT\_ANI|ACTION\_WAIT\_ANI]]) by another one chosen by the script. * Script wants to collect tones one by one (\[\[#EVENT\_TONE\_RECEIVED|EVENT\_TONE\_RECEIVED]], and built the ANI from these tones. * For outgoing (forward) calls: * Script wants to override the ANI (calling number) provided by Toolpack when this outgoing call was initialized. This function must be called before the ANI is used in the signalling process, which means: * For incoming (backward) calls: before \[\[#ACTION\_REPORT\_VALIDATE\_CALL|ACTION\_REPORT\_VALIDATE\_CALL]]. * For outgoing (forward) calls: before \[\[#ACTION\_SEND\_ANI|ACTION\_SEND\_ANI]]. Parameter: 1. ANI to set #### ACTION\_SET\_DNIS Same as \[\[#ACTION\_SET\_ANI|ACTION\_SET\_ANI]], but for DNIS (called number). #### ACTION\_REPORT\_SEIZURE Tell the application that seizure (off-hook) has been detected on a timeslot. No parameter. #### ACTION\_REPORT\_VALIDATE\_CALL Tell the application that ANI and/or DNIS have been successfully received, and we now have the information required to process this incoming call. No parameter. #### ACTION\_REPORT\_ACCEPTED Tell the application that a "forward" call has been accepted by remote equipment, often by detecting a "Wink". No parameter. #### ACTION\_REPORT\_ALERTED Tell the application that a "forward" call has been alerted by remote equipment. On most variants, there is no specific indication from remote side, and this action must be taken upon \[\[#EVENT\_DNIS\_SENT|EVENT\_DNIS\_SENT]]. On other variants, a "Wink" may be awaited before calling this action (variants where there is a second "Wink" after digits are successfully received by remote equipment). No parameter. #### ACTION\_REPORT\_ANSWERED Tell the application that a "forward" call has been answered by remote equipment, generally because "off-hook" CAS bits have been received. No parameter. #### ACTION\_REPORT\_BLOCKED Tells the application that the script considers the timeslot as "remotely blocked". This is generally the case when remote side goes "off hook" and does not send digits for a long time, without going back "on hook". Reporting a timeslot as "remotely blocked" will inform Toolpack that this timeslot cannot be used to make outgoing calls. Toolpack can thus route outgoing calls accordingly. No parameter. #### ACTION\_REPORT\_UNBLOCKED Tells the application that the timeslot is no more "remotely blocked", because remote equipment went "on hook" after it was reported "remotely blocked. (in other words, this cancels \[\[#ACTION\_REPORT\_BLOCKED|ACTION\_REPORT\_BLOCKED]]) No parameter. #### ACTION\_START\_TIMER Starts a timer. \[\[#EVENT\_TIMEOUT|EVENT\_TIMEOUT]] will be posted if the timer expires before \[\[#ACTION\_CANCEL\_TIMER|ACTION\_CANCEL\_TIMER]] is called. Starting a timer when another timer was already started will cancel previous timer and replace it with new timer. Parameter: 1. Timer duration in milliseconds. #### ACTION\_CANCEL\_TIMER Cancels a timer previously started with \[\[#ACTION\_START\_TIMER|ACTION\_START\_TIMER]]. No parameter. ### Debugging the script #### Validating LUA language syntax The LUA language syntax is automatically validated when saving the script from the Web Portal. The Web Portal will refuse to save a script that has a LUA language syntax error. #### Using log traces The CAS stack provides the \[\[#stack\_log\_trace|StackLogTrace]] function that allows the script to print traces through execution. Traces can be of different levels (more or less verbose). It is recommended to leave traces at various levels through the script so it can be easily debugged "in the field" by simply changing the trace level of the CAS stack while testing a call. It's also a good practice that the script prints "error" traces to report any error in the log. But be careful not to write error traces in the log for "normal" situations, like calls that fail due to answer timeout for example, as we don't want the logs to be filled out with error traces that correspond to a situation that's actually "normal" on a network. **Viewing traces** All traces printed by the CAS script will be received by the Toolpack [tblogtrace](https://github.com/telcobridges-main/tmedia-wiki/tree/main/tmedia/operations/tblogtrace/README.md) application, and written to disk on the host server in the corresponding log file. --- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. 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